What are fusion and melting point ? On what does the value of melting point depend ?

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By exerting a certain amountof pressure on an ice block, you

What is the main difference between $P \to T$ diagram of water and $C{O_2}$ ?

Two different liquids of same mass are kept in two identical vessels, which are placed in a freezer that extracts heat from them at the same rate causing each liquid to transform into a solid. The schematic figure below shows that temperature $T$ versus time $t$ plot for the two materials. We denote the specific heat of materials in the liquid (solid) states to be $C_{L 1}$ $\left(C_{S 1}\right)$ and $C_{L 2}\left(C_{S 2}\right)$, respectively. Choose the correct option given below.

  • [KVPY 2017]

A quantity of heat required to change the unit mass of a solid substance, from solid state to liquid state, while the temperature remains constant, is known as

  • [AIIMS 1998]

Answer the following questions based on the $P$ - $T$ phase diagram of carbon dioxide:

$(a)$ At what temperature and pressure can the solid, liquid and vapour phases of $CO _{2}$ co-exist in equilibrium?

$(b)$ What is the effect of decrease of pressure on the fusion and boiling point of $CO _{2} ?$

$(c)$ What are the critical temperature and pressure for $CO _{2} ?$ What is their sıgnificance ?

$(d)$ Is $CO _{2}$ solid, liquid or gas at $(a)\;-70\,^{\circ} C$ under $1\; atm$, $( b )\;-60\,^{\circ} C$ under $10 \;atm,$ $(c)$ $15\,^{\circ} C$ under $56$ atm ?